江苏中、南部及邻区地震重新定位及在断层研究中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘建达  李清河  张元生  金淑梅 《地球物理学进展》2009,24(1):58-66

本文分析了地震相对定位的双差法和地壳结构与定位联合反演方法的优势与局限性,在联合反演中用遗传算法最优化,将上述两种方法结合,对江苏省中南部和相邻地区进行地震重新精定位.先对研究区进行地壳结构与定位联合反演,然后用得到的地壳结构,用双差法进行相对定位.就该区主要断层的平面分布及与地震的关系,溧阳6.0级地震、南黄海6.2级地震、常熟-太仓5.1级地震的震源深度与发震构造,常熟一张家港间震群的震源深度进行了分析讨论.  相似文献   

The radiative energy budget of the middle atmosphere and its parameterization in general circulation models   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

V.I. Fomichev   《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2009,71(14-15):1577-1585

The thermal regime of the middle atmosphere is determined to a great extent by the balance between the incoming solar and outgoing infrared radiation. To account for these processes in numerical models of the middle atmosphere, parameterizations that are capable of quickly and accurately calculating infrared cooling and solar heating rates are required. These parameterizations should include the breakdown of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) conditions and allow for feedbacks by ensuring that dependencies on all input parameters are accounted for. This paper discusses the major mechanisms responsible for maintaining the radiative energy budget of the middle atmosphere and presents a brief review of approaches and numerical schemes currently available for use in general circulation models. The main focus of the paper is on the approaches and schemes designed for non-LTE treatment.  相似文献   

基于LTI和网格界面剖分的三维地震射线追踪算法   总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

张东  傅相如  杨艳  秦前清  徐凌 《地球物理学报》2009,52(9):2370-2376

将二维线性走时插值射线追踪算法(LTI)推广应用至三维模型,并结合网格界面剖分方式,提出了一种三维射线追踪算法．该算法既可获得高精度的全局最小走时和射线路径,又具有快速稳定的特点．三维模型计算结果表明,在模型参数包括网格密度完全相同情况下,本文算法较传统的三维最短路径算法在计算效率、走时和射线的计算精度上均有明显改进．  相似文献   

A systems approach for analyzing vegetative and soil degradation in Arnigad micro-watershed of Indian Himalayan region     

Mohit Gera  Prem L.Sankhayan  Ole Hofstad 《山地科学学报》2010,7(4):315-326

This study analyzes the vegetative and soil degradation, measured as biomass and soil loss, for Arnigad micro-watershed located in Indian Himalayan state of Uttarakhand, in systems framework by using dynamic linear programming bio-economic model. The focus is at investigating the effects of alternate policy regimes, i.e., introduction of improved energy sources for cooking along with substitution of existing local livestock breeds with improved breed, reduction in human population growth and introduction of high yielding varieties of main crops including paddy, maize and wheat. The model horizon extended over a period of 25 years, i.e., from 2006 to 2030. It was found that the model scenario incorporating increased use of improved energy sources along with substitution of local cows by improved cows could be the most effective policy option in reducing vegetative and soil degradation. The vegetative biomass density declined to 19.76% compared to 35.24% in the BASE scenario and soil erosion loss was also lowered by 29.13%. Also, the reduction of population growth rate to half of the BASE scenario led to minor improvements in degradation. Introduction of high yielding varieties of main crops slightly increased vegetative degradation but reduced soil loss (8.35%) with respect to the BASE scenario. Such a phenomenon could be explained in terms of changed crop mix resulting in reduced amount of crop by-products requiring increased lopping of tree branches for animal fodder. The policy option of the increased use of improved energy sources along with substitution of improved breed of cows resulted in 9.58% higher income. Introduction of high yielding varieties of crops led to 1.92% increase in income, but the income decreased by 1.25 % when population growth was reduced to half. The usefulness of the model lies in analyzing the systems behavior in its entirety where the results can predict the possible direction of change as a result of manipulation in alternate economic regimes.  相似文献   

华北地震时空多重分形的时间演化特征研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

蔡强  周成虎  裴韬  韩志军  汪闽  秦承志 《地震》2002,22(2):74-80

应用分形理论,采用扩充数盒子方法EBA对华北地区1960~ 1982年发生的地震时间分布进行了多重分形谱计算。结果表明,在这期间该地区的几次较强地震在分形谱上都有明显的反映,强震年份的分形谱发生较大幅度变化,正q区D_q 值下降,负q区D_q 值上升,具有一定的预报意义。文中进而计算了几次较强地震的地震序列(1966年邢台、1969年渤海、1975年海城、1976年唐山)的空间多重分形谱,研究其随时间的演化现象,表明强震前后分形谱变动幅度较大,震群型地震序列和主震型地震序列的分形谱呈现出不同的变化趋势。  相似文献   

江苏及邻区地震重新定位和构造特征分析   总被引：16，自引：5，他引：11       下载免费PDF全文

黄耘  李清河  张元生  孙业君  沈红会  金淑梅 《地球物理学报》2008,51(1):175-185

本文将双差定位和遗传算法定位两种方法相结合,对江苏及邻区1980～2005年的地震进行重新定位研究.重新定位后大大改善了原地震定位的精度,地震在空间上更加集中分布在某些区域,地震震源深度分布结果更加合理.江苏及邻区地震主要发生在上地壳和中地壳;研究区不同构造单元的震源深度统计分析表明,下扬子断块江苏段、冀鲁断块和豫皖断块的地震震源深度特点相似,在10～11 km、15～17 km深处存在二个明显的地震优势分布,推测分别在上地壳底面和中地壳;在25 km深处也存在一小的地震优势分布面,但地震频次较低.大别山地区地震的震源深度与下扬子断块、冀鲁断块和豫皖断块内的地震震源深度存在明显的差异,主要差异为大别山地区10 km以上的浅源地震十分发育,在6～7 km的深处有一地震优势分布,该深度附近地震波速度可能较高,而在10 km以下差异不大.  相似文献   

南水北调西线一期工程调水区径流量与影响因子关系分析——以达曲为例   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

门宝辉  刘昌明  夏军  刘苏峡 《地理科学》2006,26(6):674-681

以达曲为例,利用朱倭站1961~1996年的水文资料及东谷站的降水量资料,分析南水北调西线一期工程调水区径流量与影响因子的关系,结果表明:年平均气温呈上升趋势,其线性变率为0.24℃/10 a,36年共上升了0.864℃,以20世纪80年代以后上升趋势更为显著;年蒸发量呈增加趋势,其线性变率为+2.78 mm/10 a;年平均降水量及春、冬及非汛期降水逐年增加,其中年平均降水气候倾向率达+5.2 mm/10 a;调水区达曲的年平均径流及春、秋、汛期、非汛期流量呈逐年增加趋势,其中以春季和非汛期尤为明显。虽然气温升高、蒸发量增大,但这不是影响径流的直接因素,其增量还不足以抵消降水对径流的增加,降水是影响调水区径流量多少的主要气候因子。  相似文献   

基于可靠度的工程风险决策初探   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

刘宁  贾超  陈进 《岩土力学》2004,25(8):1297-1301

客观存在的诸多不确定性因素,使得工程系统的规划和设计不可避免地存在着风险。通过运用结构可靠度计算的优化算法,将工程结构的风险率计算转化为对结构可靠指标的计算,给出了基于可靠性理论的决策分析方法和两个算例,算例1以挡土墙设计为例,阐述了决策分析方法的有效性和实用性。算例2对南水北调中线工程穿黄方案的选择问题,给出了一个简单的决策模式。  相似文献   

南水北调东线工程对东平湖水环境的影响          下载免费PDF全文

胡尊芳 《山东国土资源》2017,33(10)

为考察南水北调东线工程对东平湖水环境的影响,为受水区域的用水安全提供保障,于东线工程通水前后分别采集不同水文时期的东平湖湖水样品,分析测定后,采用综合污染指数法、综合营养状态指数法、健康风险评价模型,评价东线工程通水前后东平湖湖水水质级别、营养化水平和健康风险水平的差异。结果表明:东线工程通水后,东平湖湖水综合污染指数由通水前的0.49变为通水后的0.58,水质级别仍为Ⅲ级轻度污染,部分指标超标但不严重;综合营养状态指数由通水前的50.72降为通水后的47.90,表明营养化水平由轻度富营养状态好转为中营养水平;健康风险由通水前的2.91×10~(-4)a~(-1)降为通水后的9.35×10~(-5)a~(-1),即由通水前的中—高风险水平降低为通水后的中风险水平。结论可知,南水北调东线工程的通水有利于东平湖湖水环境的改善,但与其他典型淡水湖泊相比,东平湖湖水的健康风险仍相对偏高,后续需要进一步加强湖区环境保护和污染排放的管控。  相似文献   

Nonlinear Capillary-Gravity Waves Produced by a Vertically Oscillating Plate     

Philip L.-F.LIU 《中国海洋工程》1998,(2)

The nonlinear capillary-gravity wave produced by a vertically oscillating plate,in which thecontact-angle model is considered,is studied by use of the Boundary Integral Equation Method(BIEM).The present numerical experiment shows that the code is robust and efficient for modeling the generationand propagation of capillary-gravity waves.It is found that the wave heights of stationary periodicnonlinear waves radiated away from the plate are dependent on the parameters involved in the contact-an-gle model.The effect of the contact-angle hysteresis and the nonlinearity of capillary-gravity waves on thewave profile is discussed in the paper.  相似文献